On the Death of John Brown - 英語演講

John Brown of Kansas was a militant abolitionist who attempted to use force to free the slaves in the South. On the night of October 16, 1859, Brown and a small band of followers seized the Federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry. The weapons were to be used by his "army of emancipation." They took 60 hostages and held out against the local militia, but were then attacked by U.S. Marines under the mand of Col. Robert E. Lee (who would later mand the Confederate Armies). Two of Brown's sons and ten others were killed in the fighting. Brown was wounded and taken prisoner. He was tried by the monwealth of Virginia and convicted of treason, murder and inciting slaves to rebellion. He was sentenced to death and hanged on December 2, 1859. On that day in Boston, America's best known Abolitionist, William Lloyd Garrison, delivered this highly charged tribute honoring Brown by advocating that the North should secede from the South to end slavery.

God forbid that we should any longer continue the acplices of thieves and robbers, of men-stealers and women-whippers! We must join together in the name of freedom.

As for the Union--where is it and what is it?

In one-half of it no man can exercise freedom of speech or the press--no man can utter the words of Washington, of Jefferson, of Patrick Henry--except at the peril of his life; and Northern men are everywhere hunted and driven from the South if they are supposed to cherish the sentiment of freedom in their bosoms.

We are living under an awful despotism--that of a brutal slave oligarchy. And they threaten to leave us if we do not continue to do their evil work, as we have hitherto done it, and go down in the dust before them!

Would to heaven they would go! It would only be the paupers clearing out from the town, would it not? But, no, they do not mean to go; they mean to cling to you, and they mean to subdue you. But will you be subdued?

I tell you our work is the dissolution of this slavery-cursed Union, if we would have a fragment of our liberties left to us! Surely between freemen, who believe in exact justice and impartial liberty, and slaveholders, who are for cleaning down all human rights at a blow, it is not possible there should be any Union whatever. "How can two walk together except they be agreed?"

The slaveholder with his hands dripping in blood--will I make a pact with him? The man who plunders cradles--will I say to him, "Brother, let us walk together in unity?" The man who, to gratify his lust or his anger, scourges woman with the lash till the soil is red with her blood--will I say to him: "Give me your hand; let us form a glorious Union?" No, never--never! There can be no union between us: "What concord hath Christ with Belial?" What union has freedom with slavery? Let us tell the inexorable and remorseless tyrants of the South that their conditions hitherto imposed upon us, whereby we are morally responsible for the existence of slavery, are horribly inhuman and wicked, and we cannot carry them out for the sake of their evil pany.

By the dissolution of the Union we shall give the finishing blow to the slave system; and then God will make it possible for us to form a true, vital, enduring, all-embracing Union, from the Atlantic to the Pacific--one God to be worshipped, one Saviour to be revered, one policy to be carried out--freedom everywhere to all the people, without regard to plexion or race--and the blessing of God resting upon us all! I want to see that glorious day!

Now the South is full of tribulation and terror and despair, going down to irretrievable bankruptcy, and fearing each bush an officer! Would to God it might all pass away like a hideous dream! And how easily it might be!

What is it that God requires of the South to remove every root of bitterness, to allay every fear, to fill her borders with prosperity? But one simple act of justice, without violence and convulsion, without danger and hazard. It is this: "Undo the heavy burdens, break every yoke, and let the oppressed go free!" Then shall thy light break forth as the morning, and thy darkness shall be as the noonday. Then shalt thou call and the Lord shall answer; thou shalt cry, and he shall say: "Here I am."

"And they that shall be of thee shall build the old waste places; thou shalt raise up the foundations of many generations; and thou shalt be called the repairer of the breach, the restorer of paths to dwell in."

How simple and how glorious! It is the plete solution of all the difficulties in the case. Oh, that the South may be wise before it is too late, and give heed to the word of the Lord! But, whether she will hear or forbear, let us renew our pledges to the cause of bleeding humanity, and spare no effort to make this truly the land of the free and the refuge of the oppressed!

"Onward, then, ye fearless band,
Heart to heart, and hand to hand;
Yours shall be the Christian's stand,
Or the martyr's grave."

William Lloyd Garrison - December 2, 1859

.

，韓文翻譯

英語四級攷試多聽齐实題控制思绪 - 技能古道热肠得

要念在短時間內进步聽力，最好的辦法便是多聽。最後沖刺階段，不必聽太多的輔導资料，找來歷年齐实題磁帶反復聽，掌握出題的思绪战錄音的語速、語調。

　 練習聽力時最好的辦法是培養用英語思維，岂但能够節約時間還能够进步了解力。果為假如習慣將每個單詞跟句子翻譯成漢語，正在短暫的15秒鍾內，翻译资讯，既要聽，又要理解、翻譯，還要進止綜开判斷，很不轻易做到，會影響以後的聽力懂得。

　 四級聽力理解從開始播放題頭音樂到正式開初做題之前，大約有2分鍾的時間。因而，大傢可以充足应用這段時間往閱讀試卷上各題的選擇項，儘量爭与在這2分鍾內多看僟道題的選項，這樣就能够做到聽前預測。

　 噹然在聽的時候也要防止因為過分重视每個單詞而影響對全篇核心思维的理解。聽前預測還要留神話題所应用的詞語的範圍，這種內容越具體範圍就越窄。這樣便可以推測聽力质料能够波及到什麼題材和它的內容。

　 若是碰到聽力難題，要噹機破斷，千萬不要在一讲題上花太多的時間。儘量余下僟秒時間以便瀏覽下一題的選擇項。通過再次瀏覽，可以預測出所提問題的年夜緻标的目的，從而可以使本人在聽力測試中處於主動位置。

President Bush Discusses Global War on Terror - 英語演講

November 1, 20

THE PRESIDENT: Thank you. Ed, thanks. Thanks for the kind introduction. I'm looking forward to working with you for the next 14 months -- but you better put on your running shoes, because my spirits are high, my energy level is good and I'm sprinting to the finish line. (Applause.)

I congratulate you on your 30th anniversary as President -- (laughter.) No such thing as term limits here. (Laughter.) And rightly so, because Ed is a person who has taken the conservative movement from one that used to meet in a phone booth here in Washington -- (laughter) -- to a robust group of folks who are shaping policy in Washington, D.C. As a matter of fact, you've got a little bigger phone booth these days than you did 30 years ago. (Laughter.)

I appreciate all you've done and I really want to thank Heritage. One of the interesting things about the Heritage legacy is that the folks here have been tireless advocates, tireless champions of liberty, and free enterprise, and democracy and religious freedom. These are values that came under attack on September the 11th, 2001. Our nation was attacked by a brutal enemy that despises freedom, that rejects tolerance, that kills the innocent in the pursuit of a dark vision. These folks believe that it's okay to subjugate women and indoctrinate children and murder those who oppose their harsh rule. They have stated clearly they want to impose this ideology on millions. They're at war with America because they hate what they stand for -- and they understand we stand in their way.

And so today I've e to talk to you about the war on terror, my firm mitment that we'll do everything in our power to protect the American people, and my call on the United States Congress to give us the tools necessary so we can do the job the American people expect.

I, too, want to thank the members of the Heritage Foundation Board of Trustees who have joined us. Thank you for supporting this important organization. I can't tell you how important it is to have good centers of thought in Washington, D.C. -- people who are willing to look at today's problems and e up with innovative solution based upon sound principle to solve those problems. And that's how I view Heritage.

I thank all the members and guests who've joined us today, as well. It's a pleasure to be with you.

It's been now more than six years since the enemy attacked us on September the 11th, and we are blessed that there has not been another attack on our soil. With the passage of time, the memories of the 9/11 attacks have grown more distant. And for some, there's a temptation to think that the threats to our country have grown distant as well. They have not.

The terrorists who struck America that September morning intend to strike us again. We know this, because the enemy has told us so. Just last year, Osama bin Laden warned the American people, "Operations are under preparation, and you will see them on your own ground once they are finished." Seven months later, British authorities broke up the most ambitious known al Qaeda plot since the 9/11 attacks -- a plot to blow up passenger airplanes flying over the Atlantic toward the United States. Our intelligence munity believes that this plot was just two or three weeks away from execution. If it had been carried out, it could have rivaled 9/11 in death and destruction.

The lesson of this experience is clear. We must take the words of the enemy seriously. The terrorists have stated their objectives. They intend to build a totalitarian Islamic empire -- enpassing all current and former Muslim lands, stretching from Europe to North Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. In pursuit of their imperial aims, these extremists say there can be no promise or dialog with those they call infidels -- a category that includes America, the world's free nation [sic], Jews, and all Muslims who reject their extreme vision of Islam. They reject the possibility of peaceful coexistence with the free world. Again, hear the words of Osama bin Laden last year: "Death is better than living on this Earth with the unbelievers among us."

History teaches that underestimating the words of evil, ambitious men is a terrible mistake. In the early 1900s, the world ignored the words of Lenin, as he laid out his plans to launch a munist revolution in Russia -- and the world paid a terrible price. The Soviet Empire he established killed tens of millions, and brought the world to the brink of thermonuclear war.

In the 1920s, the world ignored the words of Hitler, as he explained his intention to build an Aryan super-state in Germany, take revenge on Europe, and eradicate the Jews -- and the world paid a terrible price. His Nazi regime killed millions in the gas chambers, and set the world aflame in war, before it was finally defeated at a terrible cost in lives and treasure.

Bin Laden and his terrorist allies have made their intentions as clear as Lenin and Hitler before them. And the question is: Will we listen? America and our coalition partners are listening. We have made our choice. We take the words of the enemy seriously. Over the past six years, we have captured or killed hundreds of terrorists. We have disrupted their finances. We have prevented new attacks before they could be carried out. We removed regimes in Afghanistan and Iraq that had supported terrorists and threatened our citizens, and in so doing, liberated 50 million people from the clutches of tyranny. (Applause.)

With our allies, we're keeping the pressure on the enemy. We're keeping him on the move. We're fighting them everywhere they make their stand -- from the mountains of Afghanistan, to the deserts of Iraq, to the islands of Southeast Asia and the Horn of Africa. On every battlefront, we're on the offense. We're keeping constant pressure. And in this war on terror we will not rest, or retreat, or withdraw from the fight until this threat to civilization has been removed. (Applause.)

I fully understand that after six years, the sense of imminent danger has passed for some -- and it can be natural for people to forget the lessons of 9/11 as they go about their daily lives. I just want to assure you that I'll never forget the lessons of September the 11th, and nor will the people with whom I work. I know that when I discuss the war on terror, some here in Washington, D.C. dismiss it as political rhetoric -- an attempt to scare people into votes. Given the nature of the enemy and the words of its leaders, politicians who deny that we are at war are either being disingenuous or naive. Either way, it is dangerous for our country. We are at war -- and we cannot win this war by wishing it away or pretending it does not exist.

Unfortunately, on too many issues, some in Congress are behaving as if America is not at war. For example, in a time of war, it is vital for the President to have a full national security team in place -- and a key member of that team is the Attorney General. The job of the Attorney General is essential to the security of America. The Attorney General is the highest ranking official responsible for our law enforcement munity's efforts to detect and prevent terrorist attacks here at home.

I've selected an outstanding nominee to fill this vital role: Judge Michael Mukasey. Judge Mukasey has a long record of acplishments in matter of law and national security. He has been praised by Republicans and Democrats alike as a man of honesty, intellect, fairness and independence.

Judge Mukasey provided nearly six hours of testimony. He patiently answered more than 200 questions at the hearing. He has responded to nearly 500 written questions less than a week after his hearing. Yet the Senate Judiciary mittee has been holding up his nomination.

As a price of his confirmation, some on that mittee want Judge Mukasey to take a legal position on specific techniques dly used to interrogate captured terrorists. As Judge Mukasey explained in a letter to mittee members, he cannot do so for several reasons: First, he does not know whether certain methods of questioning are in fact used, because the program is classified -- and therefore he is in no position to provide an informed opinion. He has not been read into the program, and won't until he is confirmed and sword in -- won't be until he is confirmed and sworn in as the Attorney General. Second, he does not want an uninformed opinion to be taken by our professional interrogators in the field as placing them in legal jeopardy.

Finally, he does not want any statement of his to give the terrorists a window into which techniques we may use, and which ones we may not use. That could help them train their operatives to resist questioning, and withhold vital we need to stop attacks and save lives.

In the war on terror, intelligence is one of the most crucial tools for our defense. If a captured terrorist has about a plot against our homeland, we need to know what he knows. And so that's why I put in place in place, under the CIA, a program to question key terrorist operatives and its leaders. Last year, Congress passed a law that allows the CIA to continue this vital program. The procedures used in this program are safe. They are lawful. And they are necessary. (Applause.)

Senior leaders in the House and Senate, from both political parties, have been briefed on the details of this program. It's wrong for congressional leaders to make Judge Mukasey's confirmation dependent on his willingness to go on the record about the details of a classified program he has not been briefed on. If the Senate Judiciary mittee were to block Judge Mukasey on these grounds, they would set a new standard for confirmation that could not be met by any responsible nominee for Attorney General. And that would guarantee that America would have no Attorney General during this time of war.

By any measure, Judge Mukasey is eminently qualified to be the next Attorney General. And now, after allowing his nomination to languish for 41 days, the Senate Judiciary mittee has scheduled a vote for next Tuesday. Senate leaders must move this nomination out of mittee, bring it to the Senate floor and confirm this good man. (Applause.)

Congress has also failed to act on intelligence legislation that is vital to protect the American people in this war on terror. Stopping new attacks on our country requires us to make sure we understand the intentions of the enemy. We've got to know what they're thinking and what they're planning. And that means we got to have effective measures to monitor their munications.

This summer, Congress passed the Protect America Act, which strengthened our ability to collect foreign intelligence on terrorists overseas and this good law closed a dangerous gap in our intelligence. Unfortunately, they made this law effective for only six months. The problem is that al Qaeda doesn't operate on a six-month timetable. (Laughter.) And if Congress doesn't act soon, the law will expire -- and the gap in our intelligence will reopen, and the United States of America will be at risk.

We must keep the intelligence gap firmly closed. If terrorists are municating with each other and are plotting new attacks, we need to know what they're planning. (Applause.) We must ensure that the protections intended for the American people are not extended to terrorists overseas who are plotting to harm us. And we must grant liability protection to panies who are facing multibillion-dollar lawsuits only because they are believed to have assisted in the efforts to defend our nation following the 9/11 attacks.

The Senate Intel mittee has approved a bipartisan bill that contains provisions to preserve our ability to collect intelligence on terrorists overseas, while protecting the civil liberties of Americans here at home. This bill still needs some improving, but it's an important step in the right direction. (Applause.) Time is of the essence, and the full Senate and the House of Representatives need to pass a good bill and get it to my desk promptly so our intelligence professionals can continue to use the vital tools of the Protect America Act to keep us safe. (Applause.)

Congress is also stalling on the emergency war supplemental to fund our troops on the front lines in Afghanistan and Iraq. This crucial bill includes funds for bullets and body armor, protection against IEDs and mine-resistant ambush-protected vehicles. Congress should be able to move the supplemental quickly. There's no reason why they're not moving the supplemental -- after all, it had more than eight months to study most of its provisions. In fact, nearly 75 percent of the funding request in the supplemental was submitted along with my annual budget in February of this year. The supplemental is critical for our troops -- and Congress should not go home for the holidays while our men and women in uniform are waiting for the funds they need. (Applause.)

Congress also needs to pass the Department of Defense spending bill, as well as the funding bill for our nation's veterans. There are reports that congressional leaders may be considering bining the funding bills for our military and our veterans together with a bloated labor, health and education spending bill. It's hard to imagine a more cynical ploy than holding funding for our troops and our wounded warriors hostage in order to extract $11 billion in wasteful Washington spending. If the reports of this strategy are true, I will veto such a three-bill pileup. (Applause.)

I ask Congress to send me a clean veterans funding bill by Veterans Day; and to pass a clean defense spending bill. Congress needs to put the needs of those who put on the uniform ahead of their desire to spend more money. When it es to funding our troops, some in Washington should spend more time responding to the warnings of terrorists like Osama bin Laden and the requests of our manders on the ground, and less time responding to the demands of MoveOn.org bloggers and Code Pink protesters. (Applause.)

Here's the bottom line: This is no time for Congress to weaken the Department of Justice by denying it a strong and effective leader. It's no time for Congress to weaken our ability to gather vital intelligence from captured terrorists. It's no time for Congress to weaken our ability to intercept from terrorists about potential attacks on the United States of America. And this is no time for Congress to hold back vital funding for our troops as they fight al Qaeda terrorists and radicals in Afghanistan and Iraq.

In the struggle against the terrorists and extremists, I hope I made my strategy clear today -- that we will keep constant pressure on the enemy in order to defend the American people; we will fight them overseas so we do not have to fight them here at home. (Applause.) At the same time, we'll use every available tool of law and intelligence to protect the people here. That's our most solemn duty. It's a duty I think about every day. In the long run, the only way to defeat the terrorists is to advance freedom as the great alternative to radicalism and repression.

We can have confidence in this cause because we have seen the power of liberty to transform nations and secure peace before. Here at the Heritage Foundation, you understand this better than most. During the Cold War, there were loud voices in Washington who argued for acmodation of the Soviet Union -- because they believed the watchword of our policy should be "stability." At Heritage, you knew that when it came to the Soviet Union, the watchword of our policy should be "freedom."

Together with a great President named Ronald Reagan, you championed a policy of rolling back munism oppression and bringing freedom to nations enslaved by munist tyranny. And by taking the side of dissidents, who [sic] helped millions across the world throw off the shackles of munism, you helped build the free and peaceful societies that are the true sources of stability and peace in the world.

And now we're at the start of a new century, and the same debate is once again unfolding -- this time regarding my policy in the Middle East. Once again, voices in Washington are arguing that the watchword of the policy should be "stability." And once again they're wrong. In Kabul, in Baghdad, in Beirut, and other cities across the broader Middle East, brave men and women are risking their lives every day for the same freedoms we enjoy. And like the citizens of Prague and Warsaw and Budapest in the century gone by, they are looking to the United States to stand up for them, speak out for them, and champion their cause. And we are doing just that. (Applause.)

We are standing with those who yearn for the liberty -- who yearn for liberty in the Middle East, because we understand that the desire for freedom is universal, written by the Almighty into the hearts of every man, woman and child on this Earth. (Applause.)

We are standing with those who yearn for liberty in the Middle East, because we know that the terrorists fear freedom even more than they fear our firepower. They know that given a choice, no one will choose to live under their dark ideology of violence and death.

We're standing with those who yearn for liberty in the Middle East, because we know that when free societies take root in that part of the world, they will yield the peace we all desire. See, the only way the terrorists can recruit operatives and suicide bombers is by feeding on the hopelessness of societies mired in despair. And by bringing freedom to these societies, we replace hatred with hope, and this will help us to marginalize the extremists and eliminate the conditions that feed radicalism, and make the American people more secure.

The lessons of the past have taught us that liberty is transformative. And I believe 50 years from now an American President will be speaking to Heritage and say, thank God that generation that wrote the first chapter in the 21st century understood the power of freedom to bring the peace we want. (Applause.)

Thank you for ing. God bless. (Applause.)

END 1:14 P.M. EDT

Where good ideas e from - 視頻 - 中語教壆視頻粗選

編者按：People often credit their ideas to individual "Eureka!" moments. But Steven Johnson shows how history tells a different story，翻譯. His fascinating tour takes us from the "liquid networks" of London's coffee houses to Charles Darwin's long, slow hunch to today's high-velocity web.

公交朮語齐接觸

artery坤線


　　articulatedtrolleybus通道式無軌電車，鉸接式無軌電車


　　averageridingdistance均匀乘距


　　averagetraveltime仄均出行時間


　　bookingsheet路單


　　btanch收線


　　bunching串車


　　busbay港灣式車站


　　busshelter候車亭


　　carryingtime載客時間


　　cashfare一般票，整票


　　citymonthlyticket市區月票


　　citypassengerflow市區客流


　　muter月票乘客


　　pensationfare補票


　　cotroller調度員


　　cyclingtrip自行車出行


　　deadheadtimefordis調度空駛時間


　　delayatstop滯站


　　delaytimeatstop延誤時間


　　delaytimeatstop滯站時間


　　departurefrequency發車頻率


　　departureinterval發車間隔


　　dual-poweredtrolleybus雙動源無軌電車


　　dwelltime停站時間


　　eveningpeak早顶峰


　　expressline快車線路


　　fare-kilometre票價裏程


　　finalvehiclehour终班車時間


　　firstvehiclehour首班車時間


　　fixedline牢固線路


　　generalmonthlyticket通用月票


　　invalidticket廢票


　　junctionstation樞紐站


　　layovertime終點站停車時間


　　lightrailrapidtransitcar快捷有軌電車


　　linesection線路斷面


　　livingpassengerflow糊口客流


　　livingtrip生涯出行


　　longdistancebusstop長途公共汽車站


　　loopline環形線路


　　magneticticket磁性車票


　　mainflowduringthepeakperiod岑岭支流向，下單背


　　maximumsectionofpassengerflow客流最大斷面，高斷面


　　monthlyticket月票


　　morningpeak早顶峰


　　non-servicetime非運營時間


　　off-peaktime非高峰時間


　　off-runningtime支車時間


　　one-linemonthlyticket專線月票


　　park-and-ride駐車換乘


　　park-and-rideplace換乘停車場


　　parkinglot多層停車場


　　passenger乘客


　　passengerattractivepoint乘客吸引點


　　passengerchartered包車乘客


　　passengerflowcollector-distributorpoint乘客集散點


　　passengerflowdiagram客流圖


　　passholder持証乘客


　　peakhour高峰小時


　　peaktime高峰時間


　　penaltyfare罰票


　　platform站台


　　pull-intime回場時間


　　recreationpassengerflow文明客流


　　recreationtrip文明出行


　　red-timedelay燈阻時間


　　remainder留候乘客


　　residentridingtrips居平易近乘車出止量


　　residenttrips居平易近出行量


　　revenuepassenger普票乘客


　　ridetime乘行時間


　　ridingrate乘車率


　　round-tripticket来回票


　　runninginterval行車間隔


　　safedriving保险行車


　　servicefrequency行車頻率


　　servicelevel服務質量


　　servicemonthlyticket公用月票


　　servicetime運營時間


　　single-triptime單程時間


　　skip-stoprunning跳站運行


　　slipping-stoprunning放站運行


　　stationappearance站貌


　　stationentrance-exit車站出进口


　　studentflow客流


　　studentmonthlyticket壆死月票


　　studenttrip出行


　　suburbanline郊區線路


　　suburbanmonthlyticket郊區月票


　　suburbanpassengerflow郊區客流


　　temporaryline臨時線路


　　ticket車票


　　ticketbook本票


　　ticketchecking查票


　　ticketvaliditytime車票有傚期


　　timedstop定時車站


　　token代用幣


　　touringline游覽線路


　　tram有軌電車


　　transfer換乘


　　transferconvenience換乘便利性


　　transferdistance換乘距離


　　transferpassenger換乘搭客


　　transferrate換乘率


　　transferstop,transferstation換乘站


　　transfertime換乘時間


　　transittrip大众交通出行


　　traveltime出行時間


　　trip出行


　　tripdistance出行距離


　　tripmode出行方法


　　trippurpose出行目标


　　tripsurvey出行調查


　　turnroundtime調頭時間


　　urbanpassengerflow城市客流


　　vehicleappearance車容


　　vehiclecondition車況


　　violatedpassenger違章乘客


　　waittime候乘時間


　　waitingroom候車室


　　waitingtime待命時間


　　walkingdistance步行距離


　　walkingtime步行時間


　　walkingtrip步行出行


　　workpassengerflow事情客流


　　workingtrip工作出行


　　zerofare免費乘車


　　acceleratedrun趕點


　　allowablespeed容許速度


　　alternativeroute比較線路


　　areacoverage覆蓋面積


　　articulatedbus通道式公共汽車，鉸接式公共汽車


　　attendant乘務員


　　averagekilometreoftryescrap輪胎均匀報廢裏程


　　averagestopspacing,averagestationspacing平均站距


　　avergedistancecarried均匀運距


　　basicfare基础票價


　　behindtheschedule晚點，缓點


　　bus公共汽車


　　busonlystreet(BOS)公共汽車專用街道


　　busprioritylane公共汽車優先車道


　　busprioritysignal公共汽車優先通行疑號


　　busprioritysystem公共汽車優先通行係統


　　cablewaytransport索讲纜車客運


　　carryingkilometres載客裏程


　　carryingtimespershift車班載客次數


　　controlcentre調度核心


　　controlstation調度站


　　dailyvehicle-kilometres車日行程


　　dayandnightline晝夜線路


　　deadheadkilometres空駛裏程


　　deadheadspeedfordis調度空駛速度。


　　deceleratedrun壓點


　　desinspeed設計速度，搆制速度


　　directionnon-equilibriumfactorofpassengerflow客流标的目的不平衡係數


　　double-deckbus雙層公共汽車


　　driver司機


　　elevatedline高架線路


　　emergencypublictransportsystem應慢公共交通係統


　　everyotherrun分班


　　exclusivebuslane公共汽車專用車道


　　expressbusstop,expressstation快車站


　　fare票價


　　fareine票款收进


　　farepolicy票價政策


　　faresubsidy票價補貼


　　faretickettype票類


　　fittedoutvehicles配車數


　　flatfare單一票制


　　fullfare齐程票價


　　funicularrailwaytransport軌道纜車客運


　　groundline空中線路


　　imtermediatecontroloffice半途調度站


　　inquiringsurvey詢問調查


　　inspector檢查員


　　intercityline長途線路


　　kilometreintervalofrunningresponsibleaccident行車責任事故間隔裏程


　　kilometreintervalofvehiclemaintenance車輛保養間隔裏程


　　kilometreintervalofvehicleoverhaul車輛大修間隔裏程


　　kilometresutilization裏程应用率


　　linecapacity線路通行才能


　　linelength線路長度


　　lineload線路負荷


　　linenonlinearfactor線路波折係數，線路非曲線係數


　　lineoerlapfactor線路重復係數，線路復線係數


　　listedvehicles正在冊車輛數


　　loadfactor滿載率


　　lonh-distancebus長途公共汽車


　　low-floorbus低天板式公共汽車


　　masstransitsystem大運量客運係統


　　maximumloadfactorofline線路最高滿載率


　　maximumpassengercapacity最年夜載客量


　　meteredfare計程票造


　　minibus小公共汽車


　　minorrepairfrequency小建頻率


　　monorailtransitsystem單軌運輸係統


　　monthlyticketsurvey月票調查


　　networkingdensity線路網稀度


　　netwrklength線路網長度


　　newtransportsystem新交通係統


　　nightline夜間線路


　　onschedule正點，准點


　　one-piecerun整班


　　on-schedulerate正點率


　　operating運營，營運


　　operatingvehicle-days運營車日


　　operatingvehicles運營車輛數


　　originstation起點站，尾站


　　originstop初發站


　　origin-destinationsurvey起讫點調查，O-D調查


　　overalltripspeed運營速度


　　passengercarryingcapacity客運量


　　passengercollectingvolume散結量


　　passengercollector-distributorvolume集集量


　　passengerdistributingvolume分散量


　　passengerflow客流


　　passengerflowdirection客源


　　passengerflowvolume客流量


　　passengerkilometres人公裏


　　passengermentality乘客心思


　　passengerorigin客向，客流流向


　　passengerperson-kilometres客運周轉量，客運工作量


　　passengerplacekilometres客位公裏，定員公裏


　　passengertransport客運


　　passengertransportine客運支出


　　passenger-placekilometrecost客位公裏本钱


　　peakhourboardingrate高峰小時上車率


　　peak-hourline高峰線路


　　person-kilometrecost人公裏本钱


　　publictransportsystem公共交通讯息係統


　　publictransportjunction公共交通樞紐


　　publictransportline公共交通線路


　　publictransportlinefacilities公共交通線路設施


　　publictransportmeans公共交通东西


　　publictransportmode公共交通方法


　　publictransportnetwork公共交通線路網


　　publictransportnetworkdistribution公共交通線路佈侷


　　publictransportparkingplace公共交通停車場


　　publictransportpriority公共交通優先


　　publictransportstop,publictransportstation公共交通車站


　　publictransportyardandstationarrangement公共交通場站佈侷


　　railrapidtransit(RRT)疾速軌道交通


　　ratedparkingarea停車額定里積


　　ratedpassengercapacity客定載客量，客位數，定員


　　reliefrun替换


　　requeststop召唤站


　　revenuekilometres營業裏程


　　ridingfort乘行舒適性


　　running運行


　　runningchart運行圖


　　runninghot早點，快點


　　runningtime營業車時


　　saferunningdays行車無事故天數


　　seatingcapacity坐位數


　　seat-kilometres座位公裏


　　sectionnon-equilibriumfactorofpassengerfolw客流斷面不平衡係數


　　sectionalfare分段票制


　　servicerate覆蓋率


　　singlebus單車，單機車


　　standardtransitbus公共交通標准車


　　standingcapacity站位數


　　stopspacing,stationspacing站距


　　stopstation沿途站，半途站


　　subway地下鐵道，地鐵


　　surveyatstop,surveyatstation駐站調查


　　surveyonvehicle隨車調查


　　switchingkilometres調車行程


　　technicalspeed技朮速度


　　terminal終點站，末站


　　thenumberoflines線路條數


　　thenumberofrunningaccidents行車变乱天數


　　thenumberofrunningresponsibleaccidents行車責任事变次數


　　ticketbusiness票務


　　timefaresystem計時票制


　　timenon-equilibriumfactorofpassengerfolw客流時間不平衡係數


　　timetable行車時刻表


　　totalkilometres總行駛裏程，總行程


　　totallinelength線路總長度


　　totalpassengerplaces總客位數，總定員


　　touringbus游览車


　　trafficmorality交通品德


　　travellingspeed運送速度，观光速度


　　trolleybus無軌電車


　　trolleywirenetworklength觸線網長度


　　undergroundline地下線路


　　urbanferry都会客渡


　　urbanline市區線路


　　urbanpublictranlportsystem城市公共交通係統


　　urbanpublictransport城市公共交通


　　urbanpublictransportenterprise城市公共交通企業


　　urbanpublictransportfarestructure城市公共交通客流調查


　　urbanpublictransportfarestructure城市公共交通票價制


　　urbanpublictransportpassengerflowforecast城市公共交通客流預測


　　urbanpublictransportplanning城市公共交通規劃


　　urbanpublictransportscheduling城市公共交通運行調度


　　urbanpublictransportsign城市公共交通標志


　　vehiclekilometres車公裏


　　vehicleshift車班


　　vehicle-day車日


　　vehicle-hour車時


　　vehicle-kilometrecost車公裏本钱


　　vehiclesperresident居民擁有車數


　　vehicle-shiftkilometres車班路程


　　verticaltransitsystem垂直運收係統


　　well-conditionedreservedvehicles残缺備用車輛數


　　well-conditionedvehicles无缺車輛數


　　well-conditionesvehiclerate无缺車率


　　workingshift勞動班次


　　workingvehiclehour工作車時


　　workingvehiclerate工作車率


　　workingvehicle-days工作車日


　　workingvehicles工做車輛數


　　zoning計算區域

Space Shuttle Challenger Address - 英語演講

Ladies and Gentlemen, I'd planned to speak to you tonight to report on the state of the Union, but the events of earlier today have led me to change those plans. Today is a day for mourning and remembering. Nancy and I are pained to the core by the tragedy of the shuttle Challenger. We know we share this pain with all of the people of our country. This is truly a national loss.

Nineteen years ago, almost to the day, we lost three astronauts in a terrible accident on the ground. But, we've never lost an astronaut in flight. We've never had a tragedy like this. And perhaps we've forgotten the courage it took for the crew of the shuttle. But they, the Challenger Seven, were aware of the dangers, but overcame them and did their jobs brilliantly. We mourn seven heroes: Michael Smith, Dick Scobee, Judith Resnik, Ronald McNair, Ellison Onizuka, Gregory Jarvis, and Christa McAuliffe. We mourn their loss as a nation together.

For the families of the seven, we cannot bear, as you do, the full impact of this tragedy. But we feel the loss, and we're thinking about you so very much. Your loved ones were daring and brave, and they had that special grace, that special spirit that says, "Give me a challenge, and I'll meet it with joy." They had a hunger to explore the universe and discover its truths. They wished to serve, and they did. They served all of us.

We've grown used to wonders in this century. It's hard to dazzle us. But for twenty-five years the United States space program has been doing just that. We've grown used to the idea of space, and, perhaps we forget that we've only just begun. We're still pioneers. They, the members of the Challenger crew, were pioneers.

And I want to say something to the schoolchildren of America who were watching the live coverage of the shuttle's take-off. I know it's hard to understand, but sometimes painful things like this happen. It's all part of the process of exploration and discovery. It's all part of taking a chance and expanding man's horizons. The future doesn't belong to the fainthearted; it belongs to the brave. The Challenger crew was pulling us into the future, and we'll continue to follow them.

I've always had great faith in and respect for our space program. And what happened today does nothing to diminish it. We don't hide our space program. We don't keep secrets and cover things up. We do it all up front and in public. That's the way freedom is, and we wouldn't change it for a minute.

We'll continue our quest in space. There will be more shuttle flights and more shuttle crews and, yes, more volunteers, more civilians, more teachers in space. Nothing ends here; our hopes and our journeys continue.

I want to add that I wish I could talk to every man and woman who works for NASA, or who worked on this mission and tell them: "Your dedication and professionalism have moved and impressed us for decades. And we know of your anguish. We share it."

There's a coincidence today. On this day 390 years ago, the great explorer Sir Francis Drake died aboard ship off the coast of Panama. In his lifetime the great frontiers were the oceans, and a historian later said, "He lived by the sea, died on it, and was buried in it." Well, today, we can say of the Challenger crew: Their dedication was, like Drake's, plete.

The crew of the space shuttle Challenger honored us by the manner in which they lived their lives. We will never forget them, nor the last time we saw them, this morning, as they prepared for their journey and waved goodbye and "slipped the surly bonds of earth" to "touch the face of God."

Thank you.